www.hent.org V2.3

‘transformation’

Holistic / Systems Theorists 1970s à

Fritjof Capra Marilyn Ferguson Theodore Roszak Ken Wilber

David Bohm Willis Harman A.N. Whitehead Anna Lemkov

New Epistemological Perspectives

Deep Ecology, Indigenous Wisdom, Spirituality,

Transpersonal Psychology, The Feminine, Cosmology,

Perennial Philosophies, Eastern Philosophy

Matthew Fox Jane Roland Martin Warrick Fox Joanna Macy Huston Smith Brian Swimme Aldous Huxley bell hooks Peter Senge

Ken Wilber Nel Noddings Stanislav Grof Charlene Spretnak Thomas BerryC A Bowers Martin Buber Michael Polanyi Joseph Campbell

Naomi Goldenberg Daisetz T Suzuki Tich Nhat Hanh Dana Zohar Ervin Laszlo David Orr Abraham Heschel Jiddu Krishnamurti David Tacey

‘context/subjectivity’

‘social justice’

‘dialogue’

‘freedom’

Humanistic Psychology

Abraham Maslow Rollo May Erich Fromm Carl Rogers

Roger Walsh George Kelly Herbert Marcuse George Leonard

Constructive Postmodernism 1980s/90s

David Ray Griffen Joseph C. Pearce

Gregory Bateson Jeremy Rifkin

‘materialistic,

positivistic

epistemology’

’alternative

epistemologies’

Alternative Pedagogies

Feminist, Eastern, Spiritual, Indigenous, Ecological

‘caring’

‘creativity’

‘interconnectedness’

Eastern & Perennial Philosophies

‘holism’

Scientific Enlightenment

17^th-19^th C

‘teacher-centered’

‘objectivity’

‘product’

‘efficiency’

Capitalism

19^th-20^th C

Critiques of Modernism 1960sà

Hermeneutics: Martin Heideggar,

Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jurgen Habermas

Critical Theorists: Paulo Freire, Michael Apple, Henry Giroux, Peter McLaren

Postmodernists: Lewis Mumford, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, William Doll

‘personal growth’

‘child-centered’

‘values clarification’

‘emotional literacy’

New Physics

Early 20^th C

‘systems’

‘meaning’

‘collaborative learning’

‘metacognition’

‘whole-person’

Ecosystems

Early 20^th C

Modernism

19^th-20^th C

Traditional

schooling

‘new paradigms’

‘alternative epistemologies’